[PATCH v5 bpf-next 0/5] mm, security, bpf: Fine-grained control over memory policy adjustments with lsm bpf

[Yafang Shao]

Background
==========

In our containerized environment, we've identified unexpected OOM events
where the OOM-killer terminates tasks despite having ample free memory.
This anomaly is traced back to tasks within a container using mbind(2) to
bind memory to a specific NUMA node. When the allocated memory on this node
is exhausted, the OOM-killer, prioritizing tasks based on oom_score,
indiscriminately kills tasks. 

The Challenge 
=============

In a containerized environment, independent memory binding by a user can
lead to unexpected system issues or disrupt tasks being run by other users
on the same server. If a user genuinely requires memory binding, we will
allocate dedicated servers to them by leveraging kubelet deployment.

Currently, users possess the ability to autonomously bind their memory to
specific nodes without explicit agreement or authorization from our end.
It's imperative that we establish a method to prevent this behavior.

Proposed Solution
=================

- Capability
  Currently, any task can perform MPOL_BIND without specific capabilities.
  Enforcing CAP_SYS_RESOURCE or CAP_SYS_NICE could be an option, but this
  may have unintended consequences. Capabilities, being broad, might grant
  unnecessary privileges. We should explore alternatives to prevent
  unexpected side effects.

- LSM 
  Introduce LSM hooks for syscalls such as mbind(2) and set_mempolicy(2)
  to disable MPOL_BIND. This approach is more flexibility and allows for
  fine-grained control without unintended consequences. A sample LSM BPF
  program is included, demonstrating practical implementation in a
  production environment.

- seccomp
  seccomp is relatively heavyweight, making it less suitable for
  enabling in our production environment:
  - Both kubelet and containers need adaptation to support it.
  - Dynamically altering security policies for individual containers
    without interrupting their operations isn't straightforward.

Future Considerations
=====================

In addition, there's room for enhancement in the OOM-killer for cases
involving CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY. It would be more beneficial to
prioritize selecting a victim that has allocated memory on the same NUMA
node. My exploration on the lore led me to a proposal[0] related to this
matter, although consensus seems elusive at this point. Nevertheless,
delving into this specific topic is beyond the scope of the current
patchset.

[0]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220512044634.63586-1-ligang.bdlg@bytedance.com/

Changes:
- v4 -> v5:
  - Revise the commit log in patch #5. (KP)
- v3 -> v4: https://lwn.net/Articles/954126/
  - Drop the changes around security_task_movememory (Serge) 
- RCC v2 -> v3: https://lwn.net/Articles/953526/
  - Add MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING man-page (Ying)
  - Fix bpf selftests error reported by bot+bpf-ci
- RFC v1 -> RFC v2: https://lwn.net/Articles/952339/
  - Refine the commit log to avoid misleading
  - Use one common lsm hook instead and add comment for it
  - Add selinux implementation
  - Other improments in mempolicy
- RFC v1: https://lwn.net/Articles/951188/

Yafang Shao (5):
  mm, doc: Add doc for MPOL_F_NUMA_BALANCING
  mm: mempolicy: Revise comment regarding mempolicy mode flags
  mm, security: Add lsm hook for memory policy adjustment
  security: selinux: Implement set_mempolicy hook
  selftests/bpf: Add selftests for set_mempolicy with a lsm prog

 .../admin-guide/mm/numa_memory_policy.rst          | 27 +++++++
 include/linux/lsm_hook_defs.h                      |  3 +
 include/linux/security.h                           |  9 +++
 include/uapi/linux/mempolicy.h                     |  2 +-
 mm/mempolicy.c                                     |  8 +++
 security/security.c                                | 13 ++++
 security/selinux/hooks.c                           |  8 +++
 security/selinux/include/classmap.h                |  2 +-
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/set_mempolicy.c       | 84 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_set_mempolicy.c       | 28 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/set_mempolicy.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_set_mempolicy.c

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1.8.3.1